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Jackal-wolf hybrid
The jackal-wolf hybrid is a canid hybrid resulting from a union between a gray wolf and a golden jackal. Although hybridization between wolves and golden jackals has never been observed, evidence of such occurrences was discovered through mtDNA analysis on jackals in Bulgaria. Although there is no genetic evidence of gray wolf-jackal hybridization in the Caucasus Mountains, there have been cases where otherwise genetically pure golden jackals have displayed remarkably gray wolf-like phenotypes, to the point of being mistaken for wolves by trained biologists.〔Kopaliani, N. et al. (2014), ("Gene Flow between Wolf and Shepherd Dog Populations in Georgia (Caucasus)" ), ''Journal of Heredity'', 105 (3): 345 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esu014〕
A jackal–dog hybrid is a canid hybrid resulting from a mating between a dog and a golden jackal. Such crossbreeding apparently only occurs in captivity, as such matings in the wild have never been observed.〔''East African mammals: an atlas of evolution in Africa, Volume 3, Part 1'' by Jonathan Kingdon, University of Chicago Press, 1977〕 However, it is thought that recent declines in jackal populations in Israel and Lebanon could be due to possible hybridisation with pariah dogs,〔''Mammals of the Holy Land'' by Mazin B. Qumsiyeh, published by Texas Tech University Press, 1996, ISBN 0-89672-364-X〕 and hybridisation has been recognised as a possible threat to jackal populations in the Balkan peninsula.〔(''Mammiferi d'Italia'' by Mario Spagnesi and Anna De Marina Marinis. Ministero dell' Ambiente e della Tutela del Territorio Direzione Conservazione della Natura, Istituto Nazionale per la Fauna Selvatica "Alessandro Ghigi" )〕
==Characteristics==
According to Marie Jean Pierre Flourens, first-generation matings between the two species tend to produce animals in which jackal characteristics are dominant, having straight ears, hanging tails, do not bark and have a wild temperament.〔 This is confirmed by Robert Armitage Sterndale who mentioned experimental jackal hybrids from British India, noting that glaring jackal traits could be exhibited in hybrids even after three generations of crossing them with dogs:
Flourens also observed that jackal hybrids become sterile after the fourth generation, but can be mated back to either parent species.〔''The moral and intellectual diversity of races: with particular reference to their respective influence in the civil and political history of mankind'' by Gobineau (comte de), Josiah Clark Nott and H. Hotz, published by J. B. Lippincott & co., 1856〕 Charles Darwin wrote of a first-generation hybrid kept in the London Zoo which was completely sterile, though he noted that this was an exceptional case, as first-generation hybrids have been known to reproduce successfully. Breeding experiments in Germany with poodles and jackals and later on with the resulting dog–jackal hybrids showed a decrease in fertility and significant communication problems as well as an increase of genetic diseases after three generations of interbreeding between the hybrids, unlike with wolfdogs which remain healthy and never become sterile.〔Doris Feddersen-Petersen, Hundepsychologie, 4. Auflage, 2004, Franck-Kosmos-Verlag 2004〕 These "puchas" (poodle-jackals), like the "pucos" (poodle coyotes), exhibited much less domestic dog-like behaviour than the wolf-hybrids.〔Der Hund, Abstammung- Verhalten – Mensch und Hund, Erik Zimen, 1. Auflage, 1988, C. Bertelsmann Verlag GmbH, München〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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